中国传统戏曲历史悠久，源远流长，它是中华民族文化艺术品种之一。这些古老的剧种，至今活跃在中国的舞台上。京剧是传统戏曲里影响最大的戏曲剧种，它形成于二百年前的北京，流行于全国，它有丰富的传统剧目五千余个，内容多以表现中国古代故事为主。经过二百年来的发展，京剧已形成了一套完整的艺术体系，产生了多种流派和表演艺术大师，各个流派各具特色，他们的表演艺术深受观众的喜爱。

Chinese traditional operas, of a long history and well established, are one of the cultural and artistic forms of the Chinese nation. These ancient types of drama are still active on China's stages today. Of all the traditional types of drama, Peking Opera is the most influential. Emerging in Peking some two hundred years ago and popular throughout the country, Peking opera has a rich array of more than five thousand traditional items, mostly depicting ancient stories in China. After more than two hundred years of development, Peking Opera now boasts of many schools and masters of performing art. Each school has its own outstanding features and their performing skills are deeply loved by the audience.


      京剧中的表演角色大体分为生、旦、净、丑四个行当，以唱、念、做、打为主要艺术表现手段。“生”是男性正面角色，“旦”是女性正面角色，“净”是性格鲜明的男性配角，“丑”是幽默滑稽或反面角色。每种角色又有表明身份的脸谱、扮相等，只要演员一上场，你一望便知。

Characters in the opera are roughly divided into four types of role, namely: "Sheng, Dan, Jing, and Chou." Every type has its telltale facial makeup and decoration. "Sheng" is the positive male role, "Dan" is the positive female role, "Jing" is a supporting male role with striking character and "Chou" is the clown. Every type has its telltale facial makeup and decoration.

“净”是性格鲜明的男性配角
"Jing" is a supporting male role with striking character








“丑”是幽默滑稽或反面角色
"Chou" is the clown.






      在“京剧”的“票友”中有许多大名鼎鼎的人物，其中包括清朝的光绪皇帝载恬，他不但会唱戏，还能司鼓，并且是京、昆、腔的多面能手。著名的慈禧太后则是一个大戏迷，在今日颐和园内还保留一座中国最大的戏楼，该戏楼高21米，共有三层，可见她在京剧上花了不少的功夫。

There is no lacking of social celebrities among Peking opera "piao you". Emperor Guang Xu of Qing Dynasty, for example, was not only a good amateur Peking opera singer, but was also a good drummer in the Peking opera orchestra (the drummer plays the role of the director of the orchestra). The Empress Dowager was an avid Peking opera fan, too. The huge three-storey theater in the Summer Palace is a proof of her love for Peking opera.

票友  piàoyŏu Opera Fans    流派  liúpài Opera School    生  shēng The male lead

旦  dàn The female lead      净  jìng The painted face     丑  chŏu The clown